Chapter 2: The Olympians
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♠ Homer, Iliad 5.592-93
and Ares led them and the queen Enyo, she bringing ruthless Din of War. Greek text
♠ Homer, Iliad 13.518-19
Howbeit this time again he missed him, and smote with his spear Ascalaphus, son of Enyalius, and through the shoulder the mighty spear held its way. Greek Text
♠ Homer, Iliad 17.210-11
and upon Hector’s body he made the armour to fit, and there entered into him Ares, the dread Enyalius, and his limbs were filled within with valour and with might. Greek Text
♠ Homer, Iliad 20.69
and against Enyalius the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene. Greek Text
♠ Hesiod, Aspis 371
the son of Zeus and the son of the Lord of War. Greek Text
♠ Alkman 44 PMG – Poetae Melici Graeci, p. 47 ed. D. L. Page. Oxford 1962.
♠ Stesichoros 207 PMG – Poetae Melici Graeci, p. 112 ed. D. L. Page. Oxford 1962.
♠ Pindar fr 169 SM – Pindarus 2, pp. 122-26, ed. B. Snell and H. Maehler. Leipzig 1975.
♠ Hesiod, Ehoiai (Catalogue of Women) fr 22 MW – Fragmenta Hesiodea, p. 12, ed. R. Merkelbach and M. L. West. Oxford 1967.
♠ Hesiod Ehoiai (Catalogue of Women) fr 25 MW – Fragmenta Hesiodea, pp. 15-16, ed. R. Merkelbach and M. L. West. Oxford 1967.
♠ ApB 1.8.2 – Apollodoros, Bibliotheke (Library)
Althaea had also a son Meleager, by Oeneus, though they say that he was begotten by Ares. Greek Text
♠ ApB 3.9.2 – Apollodoros, Bibliotheke (Library)
And by Melanion, or Ares, Atalanta had a son Parthenopaeus, who went to the war against Thebes. Greek Text
♠ ApB 3.14.8 – Apollodoros, Bibliotheke (Library)
But war having broken out with Labdacus on a question of boundaries, he called in the help of Tereus, son of Ares, from Thrace. Greek Text
♠ ApB 3.4.1– Apollodoros, Bibliotheke (Library)
But a dragon, which some said was the offspring of Ares, guarded the spring and destroyed most of those that were sent. Greek Text
♠ Aithiopis fr 1 PEG – Poetae Epici Graeci 1, pp. 69-70, ed. A. Bernabé. Leipzig 1987.
♠ Euripides, Elektra 1258-62
There is a hill of Ares, where the gods first sat over their votes to decide on bloodshed, when savage Ares killed Halirrothius, son of the ocean’s ruler, in anger for the unholy violation of his daughter, so that the tribunal is most sacred and secure in the eyes of the gods. Greek Text
♠ Euripides, Iphigeneia among the Tauroi 945-46
For there is a holy tribunal there, which Zeus once established for Ares, when his hands were stained with blood-pollution. Greek Text
♠ Hellanikos 4.F38 – Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker 1, p. 119, ed. F. Jacoby, 2d ed. Leiden 1957.
♠ Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 23.66
First, then, in ancient times, as we are told by tradition, in this court alone the gods condescended both to render and to demand satisfaction for homicide, and to sit in judgement upon contending litigants,—Poseidon, according to the legend, deigning to demand justice from Ares on behalf of his son Halirrothius, and the twelve gods to adjudicate between the Eumenides and Orestes. Greek Text
♠ Philochoros 328F3 – Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker pt. 3 B, p. 99, ed. F. Jacoby. Leiden 1950.
♠ ApB 3.14.2– Apollodoros, Bibliotheke (Library)
and Cecrops had daughters, Agraulus, Herse, and Pandrosus. Agraulus had a daughter Alcippe by Ares. In attempting to violate Alcippe, Halirrhothius, son of Poseidon and a nymph Euryte, was detected and killed by Ares. Impeached by Poseidon, Ares was tried in the Areopagus before the twelve gods, and was acquitted. Greek Text
♠ Pausanias, Description of Greece 1.21.4
The sanctuary of Asclepius is worth seeing both for its paintings and for the statues of the god and his children. In it there is a spring, by which they say that Poseidon’s son Halirrhothius deflowered Alcippe the daughter of Ares, who killed the ravisher and was the first to be put on his trial for the shedding of blood. Greek Text
♠ Euripides, Iphigeneia among the Tauroi 945-46
For there is a holy tribunal there, which Zeus once established for Ares, when his hands were stained with blood-pollution. Greek Text
♠ Panyasis fr 3 PEG – Poetae Epici Graeci 1, p. 175, ed. A. Bernabé. Leipzig 1987.
♠ Pherekydes 3F119 – Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker 1, p. 92, ed. F. Jacoby, 2d ed. Leiden 1957.
♦ Chest of Kypselos from temple of Hera at Olympia (known through Pausanias’ description and modern reconstructions)
♠ Pausanias Description of Greece 5.18.5
There is also Ares clad in armour and leading Aphrodite. The inscription by him is “Enyalius” Greek Text.
Detail with Ares and Aphrodite, from reconstruction of chest of Kypselos by W. von Massow, “Die Kypseloslade,” Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung vol. 41 (1916), pl. 1.
♦ London, British Museum E8: Attic red-figure cup by Oltos, with Ares (on right) assisting Kyknos against Herakles
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ Delphi, Archaeological Museum: north side of Siphnian Treasury frieze, with Ares? attacking giants (Gigantes) on far right
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Tags:
#Aphrodite, #Ares, #Gigantes, #Herakles, #Kyknos
Artistic sources edited by Frances Van Keuren, Prof. Emerita, Lamar Dodd School of Art, Univ. of Georgia, July 2018
Literary sources edited by Elena Bianchelli, Retired Senior Lecturer of Classical Languages and Culture, Univ. of Georgia, January 2021
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