Chapter 1: The Early Gods
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♠ Alkaios 327 LP – Poetarum Lesbiorum Fragmenta, p. 265, ed. E. Lobel and D. L. Page. Oxford 1955.
…. The most powerful of the gods, whom well-sandalled Iris bore after lying with golden-haired Zephyros (Transl. E. Bianchelli)
♦ Florence, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 4209: Attic black-figure volute krater (François Krater) with Iris from wedding of Peleus and Thetis
A. Furtwaengler, Adolf and K. Reichhold, Griechische Vasenmalerei: Auswahl hervorragender Vasenbilder (Serie I, Tafel 1-60, 1904), detail of pls. 1-2
Detail of Wikimedia photo by Sailko
♦ London, British Museum 1971.11.1: Attic black-figure dinos (Sophilos or Erskine Dinos) by Sophilos, with Iris from wedding of Peleus and Thetis
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
Perseus Art & Archeology Artifact Browser
♦ Athens, National Museum, Acropolis Coll. 1.587: Attic black-figure dinos fragments by Sophilos with Iris from wedding of Peleus and Thetis
B. Graef and E. Langlotz, Die antiken Vasen von der Akropolis zu Athen, vol. I plates (1925), detail of pl. 26d
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ Berlin, Antikensammlung F 2278: Attic red-figure cup by potter Sosias with Iris as cupbearer of gods
A. Furtwaengler and K. Reichhold, Griechische Vasenmalerei: Auswahl hervorragender Vasenbilder (Serie III, Tafel 121-180, 1932), detail of pl. 123
Wikimedia photo by Miguel Hermoso Cuesta
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
Perseus Art and Archaeology Artifact Browser
♦ Munich, Antikensammlungen 2304 (J405): Attic red-figure amphora by Nikoxenos Painter with Iris as cupbearer of gods
E. Gerhard, Auserlesene Griechische Vasenbilder, hauptsächlich Etruskischen Fundorts (Band 1: Götterbilder, 1840), detail from pl. 7
Wikimedia photo by Bibi Saint-Poi
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ Munich, Antikensammlungen 2426 (J291): Attic red-figure hydria by Kleophrades Painter with Iris and infant Hermes
E. Gerhard, Auserlesene Griechische Vasenbilder, hauptsächlich Etruskischen Fundorts (Band 2: Heroenbilder 1843), detail of pl. 83
Drawings by J.D. Beazley of faces of Iris and Hermes, from Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ London, British Museum E12: Attic red-figure cup by Nikosthenes Painter with Iris and corpse of Memnon (or Sarpedon)
A. Furtwaengler and K. Reichhold, Griechische Vasenmalerei: Auswahl hervorragender Vasenbilder (Serie III, Tafel 121-180, 1932), middle of pl. 156
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ Florence, Museo Archeologico 4218: Attic red-figure skyphos by Kleophrades Painter with Iris and Centaurs
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ London, British Museum E65: Attic red-figure cup by Brygos Painter with Iris and Silenoi
Drawing by J.D. Beazley of Iris, from Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ Boston, Museum of Fine Arts RES.08.30a: Attic red-figure cup with Iris and Silenoi
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ Berlin, Antikensammlung F2591: Attic red-figure skyphos by Penthesilea Painter with Iris and Silenoi
E. Gerhard, Antike Bildwerke (I. Centurie, Heft 3, 1827), pl. 48 top
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ Berlin, Antikensammlung F1895: Attic black-figure hydria by Antimenes Painter with Hermes and Iris leading goddesses to Paris
E. Gerhard, Etruskische und Kampanische Vasenbilder des Königlichen Museums zu Berlin (1843), pl. 14 (main panel)
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♦ Berlin, Antikensammlung F2264: Attic red-figure cup by Oltos with Iris with kerykeion/caduceus (herald’s staff)
J.C. Hoppin, A Handbook of Attic Red-Figured Vases signed by or attributed to the various masters of the sixth and fifth centuries B.C., vol. 2 (1919), detail of fig. p. 249
Beazley Archive Pottery Database
♠ Il 8.398 – Homer, Iliad
And he sent forth golden-winged Iris to bear a message. Greek Text
♠ Il 11.185 – Homer, Iliad
And he sent forth golden-winged Iris to bear his message. Greek Text
♠ Epimenides, Theogony 3B7 – Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker 1, p. 34, ed. H. Diels and W. Kranz. 6th ed. Berlin 1951.
PHILOD. De Piet. 46 b 7 p. 18 G. The Harpuai, being goddesses from the children of Boreas… 18 In fact Epimenides says that they were children of Okeanos and Gaia, and that they had been killed near Rhegion. (Transl. E. Bianchelli) Greek Text
♠ Pherekydes of Syros 7B5 – Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker 1, pp. 49-50, ed. H. Diels and W. Kranz. 6th ed. Berlin 1951.
♠ Epimenides, Theogony 3B9 – Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker 1, p. 34, ed. H. Diels and W. Kranz. 6th ed. Berlin 1951.
[7a K.] Philod. De piet. 92, 24 p. 43 G. and Akousilaos says that the Harpuiai guard the apples. [9 B 5], Epimenides says that they are the same as the Hesperides. (Transl. E. Bianchelli) Greek Text
♠ Akousilaos FGrH 2F10 – Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker 1, p. 51, ed. F. Jacoby. 2d ed. Leiden 1957.
PHILODEM. p. Euseb. 92. 24 p.43 G: and Akousilaos says that the Harpuiai are the guardians of the apples. Epimenides (68 B 9 Diels) says the same thing and that they are the same as the Hesperides. The author of the Titanomachia says that the the apples are guarded by… (Transl. E. Bianchelli) Greek Text
♠ Il 16.150-51 – Homer, Iliad
Xanthus and Balius, that flew swift as the winds, horses that the Harpy Podarge conceived to the West Wind, as she grazed on the meadow beside the stream of Oceanus. Greek Text
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Artistic Sources edited by Frances Van Keuren, Prof. Emerita, Lamar Dodd School of Art, Univ. of Georgia, October 2017
Literary sources edited by Elena Bianchelli, Senior Lecturer of Classical Languages and Culture, University of Georgia, July 2020
